As the older adult population continues to rise worldwide, an increasing number of people are being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease.  For many, mild cognitive impairment is the initial sign. Mild cognitive impairment occurs prior to dementia and significantly increases one’s vulnerability of developing Alzheimer’s in the future months or years. Recent studies from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Health System (both located in New York) have explored the association between chronic stress and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which is the most common form of mild cognitive impairment, the main characteristic of which is memory loss.  507 participants were enrolled in the Einstein Aging Study (EAS) in which they were tested for a wide variety of cognitive issues.
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When considering the health and well-being of elderly people, oral health does not often come to mind as an important component.  In literature regarding risk factors for diminished well-being among older adults, it is uncommon for oral health to be explicitly listed, although other health illnesses and disease conditions are often discussed.  Although it may sound shocking to most, untreated dental decay is the most prevalent health condition in the world according to global burden of disease estimates.

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Pressure ulcers remain a huge problem in United States nursing home facilities despite the existence of prevention guidelines.  Nursing home residents who stay for long durations of time and are vulnerable to less mobility are at particularly high risk of developing pressure ulcers.  Substantial literature indicates that pressure ulcer prevention strategies exist.  However, there is still inadequate knowledge on how to achieve consistently successful implementation of pressure ulcer prevention strategies.  According to the Institute of Medicine, the best way to prevent pressure ulcers in nursing homes is to improve “staff training and empowerment, access to resources, and implementation of quality improvement processes.”

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Fruit lovers rejoice! New studies have found that eating fresh fruits every day can decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases.  We all know that eating fruit is healthy, but not everyone knows how beneficial eating fruit is for the heart.  Strong evidence shows that fruit has the power to decrease the risk of heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular-related death.

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Diabetes Mellitus is derived from the Greek word diabanein, which literally means “passing through” or “siphon”.  This term refers to one of the main symptoms of Diabetes—excessive urination.  Diabetes is also known as hyperglycemia, which is the state of too much glucose (sugar) in the blood.  Hyperglycemia occurs when the body is unable to regulate the level of glucose in the blood, resulting in too much glucose.  This excess of glucose in the blood is processed by the liver where it is converted into a form (glycogen) to be stored for future use.  Blood glucose level is regulated by insulin, a hormone made in the islet cells in the pancreas.  Insulin acts as a key, enabling the body’s cells to absorb and use glucose.   When insulin levels are insufficient, glucose from the blood is unable to enter the body’s cells, thereby preventing it from being used as fuel to support its continued function.

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According to the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics consensus conference paper, a patient is entitled to early detection of cognitive impairment.  The paper also encourages the implementation of medical and lifestyle interventions as an effective way to delay or improve cognitive decline.  Screening promotes prevention or treatment.  Physical activity is especially important in combating the progression of cognitive impairment.

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Pain is prevalent among nursing home residents and can take a major toll on mood, sleep, and overall function.  Despite the severity of the consequences, pain is not often managed adequately for this vulnerable group. There are many limitations to pain assessment and treatment in nursing homes.  Long-term care staff of these facilities often have difficulty evaluating and treating pain in elderly patients.

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Aging has been defined as the multifaceted process of the collection of biological damages in the molecules, cells, and organs of the body. These damages are thought to cause decrease in function and increase in susceptibility to disease and death. Despite how complex aging is, recent studies have shown that changes in diet and genes can significantly lengthen healthy life span in laboratory organisms.

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Hip fractures are highly prevalent among the elderly population in the United States. An estimated 1.6 million older adults (those over 50 years of age) experience a hip fracture every year.  This type of injury causes severe debilitation and significantly hinders an individual’s ability to carry out activities of daily living (i.e. bathing, dressing). According to an article published in the Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, hip fractures occur at least twice as often in elderly women than in elderly men, which have traditionally been attributed to women having lower bone density. However, new studies show that difference in bone density, and therefore osteoporosis, is not enough to explain the higher incidence of fractures in women than their male counterparts.  Researchers sought to investigate other underlying factors that contribute to fracture, such as vulnerability of falling, especially due to the fact that 90% of hip fractures result from falls.

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